Geisha, with their intricate makeup, elaborate hairstyles, and elegant kimonos, are one of the most captivating symbols of Japanese culture. Despite their widespread recognition, there are many lesser-known facts about these highly skilled entertainers.
The Origins of Geisha
Geisha did not always start as female entertainers. The first geishas were actually men, known as taikomochi or hōkan, who served as jesters and entertainers for feudal lords in the 13th century. These male geishas were storytellers and even participated in battles alongside their lords. It wasn't until around 1751 that the first female geisha, called geiko in Kyoto, appeared. Over time, female geishas became more prevalent, and by the end of the 18th century, they outnumbered their male counterparts.
The Role of Male Geishas Today
Although the profession is predominantly female, there are still a few male geishas in Japan. Today, there are only about 8 taikomochi in the country, with some serving as assistants to female geishas during parties. Interestingly, there is also a male geisha named Eitaro, who performs as a female dancer in Tokyo's Omori district.
Geisha Training and Education
Young girls who decide to become geishas typically opt out of high school to begin their rigorous training. They become apprentices in boarding houses called okiya, where they continue their education and learn various skills such as music, dance, and poetry. This training is extensive and requires a significant commitment from a young age.
The Importance of Appearance
Geishas are known for their striking appearance, which includes white face makeup, black hair, and red accents. The younger the geisha, the more red she wears, which is a way to signify her status and age. The traditional colors used for makeup—black, white, and red—provide a striking contrast to the colors in their kimonos. Interestingly, geishas started wearing white makeup so their faces would reflect in candlelight.
Dressing a Geisha
While geishas apply their own makeup, they are often dressed by skilled males called otokoshi. These men have the task of helping geishas into their intricate kimonos and ensuring that every detail is perfect. The kimonos themselves are often adorned with expensive brooches and obi ornaments, which can cost up to $40,000 each.
Entertainment and Clients
Contrary to popular belief, geishas do not exclusively entertain men. They also perform for female clients who admire them as models of feminine grace. Geishas entertain at various venues, including exclusive members-only tea houses known as ryotei or ochaya, where VIPs can enjoy private performances.
Personal Relationships and Patrons
Geishas are often misunderstood to have personal relationships with wealthy patrons known as danna. While this may have been a tradition in the past, it is rare today. If a geisha does have a relationship with a patron, it is usually because the patron wants to support the geisha arts and traditions, not as an exchange for financial support. Geishas are free to pursue personal relationships, but these are carefully chosen to protect their reputation.
Fashion and Cultural Influence
In their heyday, geishas were fashion trend-setters and were used to promote beauty products. They were subjects of woodblock prints and kabuki plays, and many people collected geisha photo cards. Geishas continue to influence Japanese culture, serving as role models for women and embodying traditional values.
Public Performances
Geishas occasionally perform publicly at designated times during the year. These public performances allow a broader audience to appreciate their skills and artistry. However, private performances are still highly exclusive and usually reserved for high-ranking officials and business executives.
The Pressure of Being a Geisha
Geishas are under constant pressure to maintain proper manners and appearance, even in their private lives. They are expected to sit up straight and behave impeccably at all times, setting an example for their younger peers. This strict adherence to tradition and etiquette is a significant part of their role.
The Decline and Modernization of Geisha Culture
The profession of geisha began to decline with the onset of World War II. However, in modern times, there are efforts to preserve and adapt geisha traditions. Today, geishas can be married, divorced, or have children, especially in cities like Tokyo, which offers more flexibility than traditional Kyoto.
The Exclusive Nature of Geisha Entertainment
Geishas are treated like celebrities in Japan, and it is unusual for ordinary people to see them or be entertained by them in private. The exclusive nature of their performances adds to their mystique and allure, making them highly respected figures in Japanese society.
The Value of Geisha Arts
Despite the decline in numbers, geishas continue to play a vital role in preserving Japanese cultural heritage. Their performances and traditions are highly valued, and efforts are made to ensure that these arts continue to thrive for future generations.
